Heidegger: Abstract

 The Genesis of Time Understanding

  • Evolution of Time-conceptionThe understanding of time represents an evolution shaped through utilitarian practices and social customs, rather than emerging from abstract, theoretical constructs. An existential-ontological framework sheds light on how time develops from Dasein's contextual dealings with the environment, influencing each individual's experience of temporality.

Characteristics of Being-in

  • Being-in represents a distinct mode of existence that cannot be reduced to merely physical or abstract concepts; it embodies a uniqueness that characterizes human existence.

  • The dynamic of being alongside entities in the world stems from Dasein's active presence, emphasizing that knowledge and perception are not passive but rather vibrant forms of engagement with reality, contradicting the notion of a detached, abstract knowing subject.

Deleuze: Abstract

 

Conclusion: Concrete Rules and Abstract Machines

Abstract Machines

Abstract machines are defined as entities that act within concrete assemblages and do not conform to traditional forms and substances. They operate through unformed matters and nonformal functions, representing dynamic relationships within systems. Abstract machines can open up assemblages to new types, facilitating transformations and creating becomings without clear boundaries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, an integrated understanding of the concrete rules governing both strata and abstract machines reveals the complexity and interdependence of these systems. This analysis underscores the dynamic relational aspects of contemporary thought and the ongoing interplay between form, function, and meaning across various domains.


8. The Plane of Consistency

The plane of consistency is introduced as the abstract machine responsible for generating and maintaining all processes. It is at this plane that forms, substances, and codes intersect, engaging in a continuous cycle of evolution. A distinction is made between abstract machines and concrete assemblages to clarify the mechanics of operations.


Abstract Machine of Faciality

The identity of the body is structured by an abstract machine that generates faces and the interconnected systems they create. This machine is not bound by predefined forms; it is unpredictable and appears in various states such as dreams and twilight states. An analogy discussing ping-pong balls animated by a machine illustrates the unpredictability of meaning and interpretation.


10. Conclusion

Ultimately, understanding pragmatics through regimes of signs unveils the complex interplay between meaning, expression, and societal function. Emerging abstract machines signify that every semiotic system operates beyond mere linguistic frameworks, reflecting intricate societal constructs and subjective realities.


  • Ideal Pure War: This refers to an abstract concept of absolute conflict, while

  • Real Wars: Actual conflicts occurring under the influence of political motivations and objectives.

    • This dichotomy illustrates the shift from traditional conceptions to realpolitik considerations.

  • Artistic Expressions

    Art also reflects these concepts. In nomadic art, a distinction emerges between haptic and optical art; the former relates to close-range vision that aligns with smooth space, while the latter concerns long-distance perception that corresponds with striated space. Movement and representation are vital in understanding space, especially through abstract lines.

Thucydides: Lines

 

The Fall of Euboea and Consequences

The loss of Euboea signified a major defeat for the Athenians, resulting in the loss of crucial supply lines and a subsequent hit to Athenian morale. This setback also intensified internal strife, revealing a divided state plagued by factions amid ongoing external conflicts.


Tactical Failures and Results

Despite confronting unforeseen challenges, the Lacedaemonians fought fiercely but made critical tactical miscalculations. The Mantineans capitalized on the ensuing confusion, effectively disrupting the Lacedaemonian lines.


Heidegger: Lines

 

Understanding Dasein's Selfhood

Dasein’s Selfhood transcends the simplistic notion of being just a present-at-hand object; it is more accurately defined as a distinct way of existing in the world. The concept of the 'Self' encapsulates the essence of Dasein, depicting who it fundamentally is. However, the existence of an inauthentic 'they-self' often emerges, which can obstruct Dasein from making authentic choices regarding its own Being. This 'they-self' embodies societal expectations that blur the lines of individual identity.

Deleuze: Lines

 

Exemplary Novella: "In the Cage" by Henry James

In this novella, the plot introduces a telegrapher who leads a segmented, calculated life dictated by routine telegrams. The young woman represents a rigid line of segmentarity; her life is tightly controlled and calculated. However, contrast arises with the secret lives unveiled through unpredictable telegrams, framing her world in terms of supple flows rather than rigid lines. The complexities of her relationships reveal a deeper connection to herself and society, transcending the rigid segments of her life.


Fleutiaux’s Third Novella: "The Story of the Abyss and the Spyglass"

This novella conceptualizes different segments and lines of vision. Near-seers perceive rigid segments and binary distinctions within societal structures, while far-seers are capable of noting subtle movements amidst the chaos of life, anticipating future developments from these complex micro-dynamics.

Lines of Flight

The interplay of segmentarity, additional segments, and lines of flight constructs individual and collective identities. Schizoanalysis emerges as a method exploring desire, emphasizing the political and practical aspects intertwined with social dynamics. This framework helps detect the challenges in navigating one’s lines, advocating for creating and adapting individual paths through life experiences.

Conclusion: Lines and Life

In conclusion, it is essential to reflect on how linearity in lives manifests through personal and societal narratives. Each individual crafts a unique narrative shaped by the interplay of rigid boundaries, soft transitions, and liberatory movements, all directed toward exploring the fundamental questions of being and identity.


The Book as Assemblage

A book does not adhere to a traditional subject-object dichotomy; instead, it consists of various components that interact with different speeds and relations. It reflects lines of articulation, or organization, contrasted with lines of flight, which represent deterritorialization. Literature serves a functional role akin to a machine, connecting with other entities such as war machines and love machines. Writing, therefore, is not merely a process of conveying meaning but rather a way to survey and map connections.

Rhizome Characteristics

The principles of connection and heterogeneity found in rhizomes allow for any point to connect with another without a predetermined order, linking traits that encompass biological, economic, and social coding. Furthermore, the principle of multiplicity highlights that these connections do not rest upon a unified subject or object, instead characterized by dynamic interactions and evolving relationships. Additionally, the principle of asignifying rupture indicates that rhizomes can break and reform along both old and new lines, demonstrating the interconnectedness of ruptures within a structure.


Deterritorialization and Lines of Flight

Deterritorialization refers to movement that relocates or transforms identity, often giving rise to reterritorializations, which are new affiliations or identities that emerge following this process. Lines of flight can be both positive, representing creative trajectories, or negative, denoting destructive forces that influence the overall context and evolution of assemblages.


Models of Space

Several models illustrate the characteristics of smooth and striated spaces. The technological model emphasizes fabric characteristics, with two types of elements: mobile and fixed. This model parallels weaving where ‘warp’ represents fixed elements and ‘woof’ reflects mobility. Felt represents smooth space as it has an unlimited and open structure, while fabric denotes closed, defined spaces. The musical model by Pierre Boulez suggests that smooth space is occupied without counting, whereas striated space involves counting and organization, particularly in the distribution of frequencies, where types of breaks influence spatial organization. The maritime model examines the degree of striation where points and lines subordinate to trajectories of smooth spaces, as seen in sea navigation, which entails initial structuring demands based on latitudes and navigational techniques.


Artistic Expressions

Art also reflects these concepts. In nomadic art, a distinction emerges between haptic and optical art; the former relates to close-range vision that aligns with smooth space, while the latter concerns long-distance perception that corresponds with striated space. Movement and representation are vital in understanding space, especially through abstract lines.

6. Scapegoat Dynamics

Scapegoats symbolize rising entropy within the signifying system, carrying that which resists conventional signification. Curses and lines of flight emerge as social systems frequently repress or negatively encode resistance, with scapegoats metaphorically identified as animals or objects of disdain.


  • Avoidance of Battle: Conversely, the war machine may prioritize reflection and strategic maneuvering over physical engagement.

    • This distinction blurs the lines of offensive versus defensive strategies, complicating our understanding of military engagements.


The Fall of Euboea and Consequences

The loss of Euboea signified a major defeat for the Athenians, resulting in the loss of crucial supply lines and a subsequent hit to Athenian morale. This setback also intensified internal strife, revealing a divided state plagued by factions amid ongoing external conflicts.


Understanding Dasein's Selfhood

Dasein’s Selfhood transcends the simplistic notion of being just a present-at-hand object; it is more accurately defined as a distinct way of existing in the world. The concept of the 'Self' encapsulates the essence of Dasein, depicting who it fundamentally is. However, the existence of an inauthentic 'they-self' often emerges, which can obstruct Dasein from making authentic choices regarding its own Being. This 'they-self' embodies societal expectations that blur the lines of individual identity.

Deleuze: Assemblage

 

The Book as Assemblage

A book does not adhere to a traditional subject-object dichotomy; instead, it consists of various components that interact with different speeds and relations. It reflects lines of articulation, or organization, contrasted with lines of flight, which represent deterritorialization. Literature serves a functional role akin to a machine, connecting with other entities such as war machines and love machines. Writing, therefore, is not merely a process of conveying meaning but rather a way to survey and map connections.

8. The Plane of Consistency

The plane of consistency is introduced as the abstract machine responsible for generating and maintaining all processes. It is at this plane that forms, substances, and codes intersect, engaging in a continuous cycle of evolution. A distinction is made between abstract machines and concrete assemblages to clarify the mechanics of operations.


1. Overview of Regimes of Signs

A regime of signs refers to a specific formalization of expression, often linguistic, that forms a semiotic system. Analyzing these systems presents challenges as content and expression are inseparable; while formalization may appear autonomous, it is intrinsic to a complex assemblage. The diversity of expression forms complicates privileging any one regime, revealing that semiology is merely one among many regimes, suggesting a return to pragmatics.


Assemblages vs. Strata

Unlike strata, assemblages operate beyond solid structures and are marked by the extraction of territories from their environment, identifying territoriality as a foundation of assemblages. Assemblages yield unique relations between content and expression, fostering a dynamic semiotic system.

Deterritorialization and Lines of Flight

Deterritorialization refers to movement that relocates or transforms identity, often giving rise to reterritorializations, which are new affiliations or identities that emerge following this process. Lines of flight can be both positive, representing creative trajectories, or negative, denoting destructive forces that influence the overall context and evolution of assemblages.

Abstract Machines

Abstract machines are defined as entities that act within concrete assemblages and do not conform to traditional forms and substances. They operate through unformed matters and nonformal functions, representing dynamic relationships within systems. Abstract machines can open up assemblages to new types, facilitating transformations and creating becomings without clear boundaries.


1. Overview of Regimes of Signs

A regime of signs refers to a specific formalization of expression, often linguistic, that forms a semiotic system. Analyzing these systems presents challenges as content and expression are inseparable; while formalization may appear autonomous, it is intrinsic to a complex assemblage. The diversity of expression forms complicates privileging any one regime, revealing that semiology is merely one among many regimes, suggesting a return to pragmatics.


Collectives, Assemblages, and Language Function

Language operates within collective assemblages that shape and construct meanings through shared order-words. The cohesive mechanism inherent in collective assemblies defines and transforms the linguistic system, emphasizing language's primary role as an order-giving system that reflects an active engagement with both linguistic and physical realities. Each statement in language conveys presuppositions, suggesting broader social agreements and conditions that tie language to its social functions, acting as a synthesis of corporeal and incorporeal transformations.


7. The Role of Machinic Assemblages

Professor Challenger elucidates the existence of machinic assemblages that mediate relationships across strata. They facilitate the interactions between forms and substances, exemplifying both content and expression. These assemblages reinforce each other, and their interrelations shape the essence of existence.


Introduction to Rhizome

The concept of personal identity is decentralizing, as presented by multiple authors who create a multiplicity of perspectives within the text. The book is perceived not as an attributed work but as an assemblage of various influences and ideas.

Thucydides: World

 

External Pressures and Developments

The evolving situation was influenced by ongoing Venetian campaigns and the necessity of forming alliances within both Sicily and the broader Greek world. Tensions in key allied relationships notably affected Athenian strategies in the conflict.